Plasma donations Put the price on human life
The medical system, this plasma center, built only a year ago, is packed with white lab coat, face shields, and medical gloves. The voice of the Velcro and the sound of the blood pressure machines and the bleeding of the hematocytes as they separate the blood and plasma.
The look is so sterile and clinic, but the workers here are not medical proof, they only need to get a high school diploma and they all train each other. Nearly 70 workers in the building, besides the LPN nurses and one RN, qualified phlebotomists (medically trained personnel taking samples of blood, plasma and tissue samples from the patients) account for 10% of the workforce here, taking blood and plasma [19659002] Since donors (who voluntarily give a plasma gift) are processed, their lifestyle and appearance are evaluated in accordance with standard operating procedures (SOPs). 38% of respondents arrive because they need to pay money for food, rent, or bills, 60% donate because money has spent their vacations or spending money, the other 2% came because they believe it that they are "saving lives". Most are not typical college students, but housewives, part-time workers or working poor.
Plasmaherisis (the removal, treatment and return of blood circulation from circulation) started in the 1940s, pharmaceutical agents' agents – there are currently more than 500 donating centers in the United States and nowadays they build more.
Blood and plasma purchase and sale are billions of dollars a business year. Plasma is much more commercial than blood and can not be synthetically replicated. In 1988 more than 21 years ago, the industry released more than $ 2 billion, which was astonishing by the current figures, but incredibly secretive.
US federal regulation is much more liberal than anywhere else in the world, which can be up to 60 liters (127 pints) a year. The next highest producing country is Canada, which is only 15 liters a year, which is a recommendation from the World Health Organization. More than half of the plasma used in medicine come from the United States
While US donors become a source of 60% of the world's plasma, foreign companies, such as giant mosquitoes, Japan, West Germany, Austria and Canada, Flying to the United States to get rid of blood and plasma supplies and then take home the profit by nourishing them. Not only do foreign companies belong to the majority of plasma collection centers, most of the plasma medicines are also sold abroad.
There are two different types of plasma donations … the first non-profit. The largest is the American Red Cross. According to the FDA's rules, without the funds donated without the donation between the donated plasma and blood, the donor and the body, is the only blood or plasma that can be transmitted to humans. If an individual pays money, money or money, he or she can not use "life-saving" at all. As profit-oriented donor centers nourish the necessity or greed of the world's economic climate, non-profit donor centers suffer. If nonprofit donor centers suffer, then those who need plasma: without burns, shock or trauma victims. Those who want to donate humanitarian donations should donate blood and plasma to non-profit donor centers such as the American Red Cross.
The "paid" donations are sold to drug and research companies, and in 2007-2009, the number of plasma supply centers increases with one of the largest Austrian pharmaceutical support centers, which resulted in a 19% rise in stock prices in one quarter, while other markets have plummeted.
The ethics of plasma donation is expensive. Organ donation is not an unusual thing, but physical donation, which supposedly helps and does not prevent human survival, is questionable when large companies are involved and the profitable donation of blood and blood plasma is a very big deal
. donated to drug and research companies refined and prepared for drugs to "save lives." What are the costs for these drugs for those without them? $ 50,000.00 – $ 80,000.00 per year, which can really change the slogan "We Save Lives" to "We Can not Afford to Live". Those who do not have insurance or government support can not afford drugs or treatments, and without these "donated" treatments. Most state-funded solutions, ie taxpayers, donors or non-donors, pay for those patients who die without the presumptions of voluntary gifts … so the saying: "Give it until it hurts!"
In the 1970s, profit-oriented donor centers targeted college students to improve the quality of the plasma supply. The companies assumed that college students should be healthier than the average population. In 1999, a study was made at Ohio University, which found that university donors were not as healthy as they ever thought. Paid donors are three times more likely than non-donors and four times as likely as donors of the Red Cross to consume alcohol five times or more a week. About one-fourth of non-donors, one-quarter of Red Cross donors smoke in one third of paid donors. Consuming toxins or unhealthy lifestyles is not the only problem today, body sprays, tattoos and branding are other issues that are also an unhealthy donating base. Body art is not always visible and, unless admitted, the donor center can not always investigate.
Donation Centers pay $ 8.00 to $ 20.00 for the first donation and then encourage the donor to return, and will pay a higher price for the second donation during the seven-day period.
Depending on the individual's weight, the donation center will receive 690mL-880mL per donation. 880mL bottles are sold anywhere from $ 300.00 to $ 1.700.00 whenever they go to pharmaceuticals. If there is something wrong with plasma, if hemolysed (with red blood cells infusion), or if plasma is lipemic (excess plasma fat), plasma is sold to veterinarians and gives a lower price to the donor center. 19659002] Plasma supply in 2007 was about $ 4.5 billion. Today there are about 1.5 to 2 million donors worldwide and are expected to grow significantly in the 2009 fighting economy.
Due to the rapid growth of the sector, companies are forced to pay their donations on an average of $ 10.00 per hour. Labor does not generally have medical certificates or medical training, unless it is one of the 8 LPNs or RNs hired. An authorized doctor covers the center with his permission, but rarely appears on the center floor. Maybe he'll come up once a week to sign the charts and see if the vitalists have been trained once and then it is turned off again only by cutting the profits of the centers. Enterprise training is not performed by LPN or by a physician, but by regular staff who do not have a medical certificate or license.
Business training consists of reading standard operating procedures, in a conference room for several hours, sometimes on days, with a trainer on the floor to look at the moves. If you have an effective trainer, you can work professionally, but if not, then most medical historians (some who are vital, rewrite medical information, and basic analgesia) are struggling and leave the way, technique and records of your bed a lot, and donors do not receive the necessary care.
In this center, the processing time is a question mark. This center processed 570 donors per day with an average of 390 clients a day. From the moment that the donors arrive at the reception until they are scanned, they are timed. Time is money in this industry. In lifestyle, historians of history receive up to 1 minute 21 seconds to complete the donor's processing and can be sent to the phlebotomy floor for donation, which is not much time for the accuracy of the practice. There is no time to check the gloves for contaminants such as Plasma, mucous membrane or blood, so donors are cross-exposed each time they go to the center. According to the Company Directive, glove should only be changed if it is blood, broken, cut, or contaminated two and a half hours.
Time-saving between donors and whiplash comes from executives, as waiting for stopwatches and pink sliders over the white-coated slave labor force. Medical historians move so fast that they will not get contaminated by the workers within two months – both filled and broken capillary tubes with gloves, lab coats and gloves and scrubbing their skin. There was a dirt when a Medical History tried to pull his mouth out of his mouth and realized that he had just sucked the blood of the previous donor. Donors should explicitly ask medical practitioners to "change their gloves" before they can.
Phlebotomists on the floor move on the same speed. They have a minute to clean up, find the vein and stick to the donor. Three times, twice if there is no red blood cell loss or the donor is at risk, requires saline solution, then the third time you can insist on emergencies. This is caused by the likelihood of hematoma (blood collected in the skin or organs) for donors, large bumps of 3 centimeters and gentle areas in the arms. Sometimes, as a donor needs to capture twice, both arms produce hematomas. Donors need to heal several weeks before they can return to donation, which makes the donation process an unreliable source of income for anyone.
When this center runs at full speed, it handles 570 donors per day. 8-hour shift is not allowed to receive lunches and sometimes does not allow the bathroom to break. The pace is fast and angry, and as donors are processed and plasma returned to the lab, they break down the used inventory and are ready for the next donor. Used stocks may be dangerous, presumably heat-insulated, but sometimes the tube is completely sealed and when the phlebotomist pulls the tubes out of the machine, the plasma may overturn the face, defenseless weapons, and saturated clothing. Personal protective equipment prescribed by OSHA does not always cover what they need, especially because the personal protective equipment is not fitted or not, so that workers are at a constant risk of contamination, which occurred at least once within 3 months of this center. There are not only workers' dangers but also donors in this atmosphere. As the center spent the beds as soon as possible, sometimes beds were not cleaned before donors sat down and donors could find themselves in the blood of the last donor.
There are currently 22 unemployed states in the United States, meaning that they need to be contracted to pause for lunch and bathrooms, or within the EU guidelines, if not, then the Ministry of Labor can not force a bathroom break or lunch for workers. Of the 22 unemployed states, plasma centers flood at least 13 of these conditions and build fewer plasma concentrations for the unemployed.
Employees have a tough 8-10 hour shift, not just long hours working without breaks, but working in precision and fast-paced environments without the need for qualified medical training.
Because they do not have training, and because the bottom line stimulates ethics, sometimes shortcuts can also be brought. When the plasma is delivered to the lab, the lab technician has to carry these bottles in just 30 minutes. If the bottle is leaking, the bottle must be discarded because it is contaminated with air if the bottles last for more than 30 minutes before processing before being placed in the freezer, they are thrown away and lose a lot of money. What has happened in the past is that the lab technics push the bottles for more time for processing, or the lab technics process the air-contaminated bottle and just wipe it off or, instead, as the FDA requires, a bottle is opened and taken from all bottles sample … because it saves time. These breaches may block the center, but only if they are detained and reported to the FDA, questioning the purity and usability of the system's plasma as well as the contamination of medicines.
After 3 months there are legs, back problems, hip problems, headaches, pancreas and neck problems that are not covered by Workman's Comp and are not subject to OSHA. This does not include the possibility of infection that may be caused by HIV, Hepatitis or other infectious diseases. These are persistent illnesses and long-term effects. Although only a few are staying in this area for more than 6 months, supervisory positions are not better.
Supervisors also have a demanding job. They monitor operations that not only maintain the standards of the FDA but also the SOP of the Company (Standard Operating Procedures). Inspectors are not only medical historians, but also phlebotomists on the floor and incoming data entry. The supervisor has been trained and tested on all aspects of phlebotomy and medical history and on incoming data. If practitioners and Phlebotomy work for 8 to 10 hours without a lunch or lunch break, the supervisor is working for 12 hours at the same conditions and with the responsibility of catching any inconvenient events that can give the center a quality incident report depending on the severity may mean the FDA if it has an impact on public health.
When new donors come through the door, they are required to read a "New donor" booklet that contains the side effects, expectations, and part of the documentation to be signed. From the moment they went through reading the book, donors also timed up to 10 minutes to read the package of legal documents. After reading the reading, you have requested two types of ID, usually the current driving license and the social security card are sufficient. If the driver's license is not current or the address is not current, you can use postal mails older than 60 days to check the address. The social security certificate must be verified by the social security card, current tax information, or pay slips.
Plasma donors are generally unaware of the side effects and are probably told that plasma donations are safe in the long run … the reality is that the percent of human populations show anaphylactic reaction with sodium citrate or saline, from which immediate intravenous drugs are needed. If you do not get treatment within minutes, the reaction is fatal.
There are at least 5-6 small reactions in this center daily, sometimes more. Immediate side effects fainting, bleeding, edema at venipuncture, nausea, vomiting, drop in blood pressure, fainting, dizziness, blurred vision, colds, sweats or abdominal cramps
. irritation of the mouth or limbs, muscle spasms, metallic taste in the mouth, and further reactions may lead to irregular heartbeat or seizures
After prolonged donation, 12% of donors reduced antibodies, which is inappropriate for the immune system reaction and Plasma donations can save lives, especially when given as freely and humanitarian gestures … drug and research companies want the public to believe that they are good guys because they are the good guys, to capitalize upon the generosity of others and the despair and greed of others, and to manage the money
Profit-driven donations give ethical questions a fiery storm, such as "if the sale of human organs is a moral lazy, unethical and illegal, what makes the sale of Plasma differently? " "If harvesting a human body and gaining a transfer to those who can pay the price for life if it is sold to the highest bidder, it's bad, then not harvesting and selling the plasma for those who would die the same thing?" What is the cost of human life ? Every year, in 15 million donations, the plasma industry sees the gifts of the donor in his mouth daily and goes down to the bank. Profitable plasma companies have a win-win situation … donors give their plasmas, or virtually deliver their plasmas to the industry and bloodthirsty, plasma-accumulating companies can rotate annually and have a value between $ 50,000 and $ 80,000, long term cost estimates from $ 3.7 million to $ 5.9 million for medicines that allow one person to live a normal life … and now we can give a price to what human life is worth in the plasma industry.
Source by sbobet